A world-class introduction to the historical and continuing impact of classical theory on sociological debate

The latest edition ofClassical Sociological Theory offers students a definitive guide to the theoretical foundations of sociology and the continuing impact of the ideas explored by early theorists, including Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Mead, Simmel, Freud, Du Bois, Adorno, Marcuse, Parsons, and Merton. The prestigious editors have integrated several readings on the most influential theories arising out of the Enlightenment era and the work of de Tocqueville.

Readers are introduced to seminal works in classical sociological theory by way of editorial introductions that lend historical and intellectual perspective to the included readings. The readings themselves have been selected based on their combinations of theoretical sophistication and accessibility. From analyses of self and society to examinations of critical theory and structural-functional analysis,Classical Sociological Theory remains the gold standard in classical theory readers.

The Fourth Edition of this widely taught book includes:

Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students of social and sociological theory,Classical Sociological Theory is also a thought-provoking resource ideal for use in courses taught in human geography, anthropology, criminology, and urban studies programs.

Craig Calhoun is University Professor of Social Sciences at Arizona State University, USA and former Director of the London School of Economics and President of the Social Science Research Council.

Joseph Gerteis is Professor of Sociology and co-Director of the American Mosaic Project at the University of Minnesota, USA. His research focuses on race, ethnicity, and political culture.

James Moodyis Professor of Sociology at Duke University, USA, and Director of the Duke Network Analysis Center. His work focuses on the network foundations of social cohesion and diffusion.

Steven Pfaff is Professor of Sociology at the University of Washington, USA. His research focuses on religion, politics and social change.

Indermohan Virk is Executive Director of the Patten Foundation and the Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and American Institutions at Indiana University Bloomington, USA.

Notes on the Editors ix

Acknowledgments xi

General Introduction 1

Part I Precursors to Sociological Theory 25

Introduction to Part I 27

1 Of the Natural Condition and the Commonwealth (fromLeviathan) 36
Thomas Hobbes

2 Of the Social Contract (fromThe Social Contract) 44
Jean-Jacques Rousseau

3 What is Enlightenment? (fromImmanuel Kant,The Philosophy of Kant) 55
Immanuel Kant

4 The Wealth of Nations (fromThe Wealth of Nations) 60
Adam Smith

Part II Liberal Theories of Social Order 71

Introduction to Part II 73

5 Influence of Democracy on the Feelings of the Americans (fromDemocracy in America) 83
Alexis de Tocqueville

6 Tyranny of the Majority (fromDemocracy in America) 102
Alexis de Tocqueville

7 What Sort of Despotism Democratic Nations Have to Fear (fromDemocracy in America) 112
Alexis de Tocqueville

8 Society in America (fromSociety in America) 118
Harriet Martineau

9 A Belated Industry 126
Jane Addams

10 Freedom in a Complex Society (fromThe Great Transformation) 133
Karl Polanyi

Part III The Sociological Theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels 141

Introduction to Part III 143

11 The German Ideology (fromThe German Ideology, Part One) 154
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

12 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1884 (fromCollected Works, Vol 3) 158
Karl Marx

13 Manifesto of the Communist Party (fromCollected Works, Vol 6) 168
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

14 Wage-Labour and Capital (fromKarl Marx: Selected Works) 183
Karl Marx

15 Classes (fromCollected Works, Vol 37) 191
Karl Marx

16 The Fetishism of Commodities and the Secret Thereof (fromCapital, An Abridged Edition) 193
Karl Marx

17 The General Formula for Capital (fromCapital, An Abridged Edition) 198
Karl Marx

Part IV The Sociological Theory of Emile Durkheim 203

Introduction to Part IV 205

18 The Rules of Sociological Method (fromThe Rules of Sociological Method) 211
Emile Durkheim

19 The Division of Labor in Society (fromThe Division of Labor in Society) 228
Emile Durkheim

20 The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (fromElementary forms of the Religious Life) 250
Emile Durkheim

21 Suicide (fromSuicide: A Study in Sociology) 262
Emile Durkheim

Part V The Sociological Theory of Max Weber 271

Introduction to Part V 273

22 Objectivity in Social Science (fromThe Methodology of the Social Sciences) 279
Max Weber

23 Basic Sociological Terms (fromThe Theory of Social and Economic Organization) 286
Max Weber

24 The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (fromProtestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism with Other Writings on the Rise of the West) 296
Max Weber

25 The Distribution of Power within the Political Community: Class, Status, Party (fromMax Weber: Essays in Sociology) 314
Max Weber

26 The Types of Legitimate Domination (fromThe Theory of Social and Economic Organization) 323
Max Weber

27 Bureaucracy (fromMax Weber: Essays in Sociology) 331
Max Weber

Part VI Self and Society 341

Introduction to Part VI 343

28 The Self (fromMind, Self and Society: From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist) 348
George Herbert Mead

29 The Stranger (fromGeorg Simmel: On Individuality and Social Forms) 361
Georg Simmel

30 The Triad (fromThe Sociology of Georg Simmel) 366
Georg Simmel

31 The Metropolis and Mental Life (fromGeorg Simmel on Individuality and Social Forms) 372
Georg Simmel

32 The Souls of Black Folk (fromThe Souls of Black Folk) 381
W.E.B. Du Bois

33 The Damnation of Women (fromW.E.B. Du Bois A Reader) 387
W.E.B. Du Bois

Part VII Critical Theory 397

Introduction to Part VII 399

34 Traditional and Critical Theory (fromCritical Theory: Selected Essays) 406
Max Horkheimer

35 The Culture Industry (fromThe Dialectic of Enlightenment) 418
Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno

36 One-Dimensional Man (fromOne-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society) 430
Herbert Marcuse

37 Reflections on Violence 438
Hannah Arendt

Part VIII Sociology of Knowledge 445

Introduction to Part VIII 447

38 Ideology and Utopia (fromIdeology and Utopia) 451
Karl Mannheim

39 The Social Construction of Reality (fromThe Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge) 462
Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann

40 The Phenomenology of the Social World (fromThe Phenomenology of the Social World) 471
Alfred Schutz

Part IX Functionalism 483

Introduction to Part IX 485

41 The Position of Sociological Theory (fromThe Position of Sociological Theory) 491
Talcott Parsons

42 Manifest and Latent Functions (fromSocial Theory and Social Structure) 498
Robert K. Merton

43 Social Structure and Anomie 505
Robert K. Merton

Part X Social Exchange 513

Introduction to Part X 515

44 Social Behavior as Exchange 520
George C. Homans

45 Exchange and Power in Social Life (fromExchange and Power in Social Life) 531
Peter M. Blau

Index 543